Electronic Circuit Project of Digital to Analog Converter

Here is a very simple electronic circuit project of digital to analog converter circuit diagram to build very easy.  Figure A is an R/2R resistor ladder. Each switch that is closed increases the amount of current at. A simple channel A/D converter is shown in Fig. B.

Digital To Analog Converter Circuit Diagram:

The voltage reference (D2) is common to all channels, but-the value of the dropping resistor (R9) varies as the number of DACs installed in the system. IC15 is a DAC0808 A/D converter chip. ICI6A is an op amp to interface the output current from the D/A convert to an analog voltage output

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Build an op amp with three Discrete Transistors

You can use three discrete transistors to build an operational amplifier with an open-loop gain greater than 1 million (Figure 1). You bias the output at approximately one-half the supply voltage using the combined voltage drops across zener diode D1, the emitter-base voltage of input transistor Q1, and the 1V drop across 1-MΩ feed-back resistor R2.

Figure 1. This ac-coupled inverting op amp has an open-loop gain of 1 million. R1 and R2 set a closed-loop gain of −10.

Resistor R3 and capacitor C1 form a compensation network that prevents the circuit from oscillating. The values in the figure still provide a good square-wave response. The ratio of R2 to R1 determines the inverting gain, which is −10 in this example.

You can configure this op amp as an active filter or as an oscillator. It drives a load of 1 kΩ. The square-wave response is good at 10 kHz, and the output reduces by 3 dB at 50 kHz. Set the 50-Hz low-frequency response with the values of the input and the output capacitors. You can raise the high-frequency response by using faster transistors and doing careful layout. Link

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